University of Carabobo-Venezuela
Traducing by PhD. George Davy Vera
Summary
What is presented here is a short article in the modality of reflection article (Colciencias, 2010) to try to answer the question what is the main role that educational guidance can play in community social development? It is noteworthy that in Educational Counseling, the emphasis had been placed on improving students on their study habits, their adaptation to the environment, the solution of personal relationship problems, and on how to make better vocational-professional decisions; andultimately, as in Education, how a person could be helped in their social ascent from a social strip of poor or middle class to an upper middle class. That is, wellaimed at individual development. Now, during these times, it is also intended that Educational Guidance should also facilitate the improvements that must be made in the community where it is lived. In these times, we seek through the Educational Counseling, that the development of individual is complemented by sustainable, and inclusive community social development, and that in my opinion neither of us should be above the other, on the understanding that in Human Development, both individual development, and community, social development must be considered. It is said that the Counseling professional must exercise his role as an agent of change, facilitating and coordinating processes of social transformation from the community, and even promoting the mobilization of the community, when necessary.
Keywords: Educational Orientation, Human Development, Community Social Development, Latin America.
Resumen
Lo que aquí se presenta es un artículo breve en la modalidad de artículo de reflexión (Colciencias, 2010) para intentar dar respuesta a la pregunta ¿cuál es el principal rol que puede desempeñar la Orientación educativa en el desarrollo social comunitario? Es de destacar que en la Orientación Educativa, el énfasis se había colocado en mejorar, en los estudiantes, sus hábitos de estudio, su adaptación al entorno, la solución de problemas personales de relación y en cómo tomar mejores decisiones vocacionales-profesionales; y en definitiva, al igual que en la Educación, en cómo se podía ayudar a una persona en su ascenso social desde una franja social de pobre o clase media baja hasta una clase media alta. Es decir, básicamente dirigido al desarrollo individual. Ahora, en este cambio de época, se pretende que la Orientación educativa facilite también las mejoras que deben darse en la comunidad donde se vive. De allí que en estos tiempos se busque a través de la Orientación Educativa, que el desarrollo individual sea complementado con un desarrollo social comunitario sostenible e inclusivo, y que en mi opinión, ninguno de los dos debe estar por encima del otro, en el entendido que en el Desarrollo Humano se deben considerar, tanto el desarrollo individual como el desarrollo social comunitario. Cómo conclusión se puede afirmar que el profesional de la Orientación debe ejercer su rol de agente de cambio, facilitando y coordinando los procesos de transformación social desde la comunidad e incluso promoviendo la movilización de la comunidad, cuando sea necesario.
Introduction
First of all, it has to be clarified that the Educational Counseling is a process of pedagogical, and bio-psycho-social accompaniment (OrientAcción Magazine, 2018), that is carried out from a school, understanding the period from primary or basic school, to university education. In this sense we share what Gutiérrez Gómez (2018), stated that "the Educational Counseling seeks to integrate the different forms of Counseling schools, for example, vocational, school, professional, family, etc."(p. 1).
On the other hand, from a rather general sense, community social development can be understood as the material and intangible improvements that can be achieved in a given community. The idea of improvement relates to the intention of raising the levels of well-being and service provision that can be given in a specific community but also to improving intangible levels such as social justice, communitarianism, human rights and universal values.
This work aims to develop the idea of how the current changes also implies changes within the initial conception of the Educational Counseling. In these times it is no longer enough to maintain the same approach that has endured for so long, where the emphasis was placed on a counseling process with a dualistic vision, and where it was basically a counselor to solve student’s problems. These problems ranged from improving their study habits, adapting to the environment, solving personal relationship issues, and how to make better vocational-professional decisions. Ultimately, as in Education, how a person could be helped on their social rise from a social strip of poor or lower middle class to an upper middle class, basically because of their inclusion in the country's economic productive apparatus.
In this sense the idea expressed by Brunal, Vazquez, Mora, Borja and Osorio (2018), is shared when they state that it is required to overcome the instrumental technical approachthat prevails, in the Educational Counseling, from that era. Although it is fair to recognize that at some time there was also the approach to the community, but basically, having as its main focus the same student. In this case, attempts were made to approach teachers, parents and representatives and other influential figures in student life, but a completely different approach is required at the moment.
Community Counseling and Social Development
What is the main role that educational guidance play in community social development?
To date, in the field of Counseling, there had been conversations of a development based on the individual, where it was only sought that a person could climb positions within the social pyramid, and be able to ascend within the different social classes, and basically from the strip of poor or lower rising middle class for the middle or upper class. All these considerations are about to change as the idea of community social development is taking on a lot of strength in the field of Counseling. This idea could be understood as advancing material and intangible improvements in a given community, and can be considered really novel as it involves considering the group where you live at the same level as people.
For the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)(2015), social development (inclusive) involves first overcoming poverty, basically providing opportunities for decent work and improvements in living conditions, in aspects such as food and distribution of drinking water, to which the reduction of inequalities (gender, ethnic and racial), the strengthening of human rights and the capacities of institutions in the community and ensuring social participation can also be added.
The Educational Counseling to date had meant that thanks to the professionalization process, a person changed social status, and it meant that if previously lived in a neighborhood (poverty zone or lower middle class), as a result of that professionalization, the first thing he did was move to an urban area where people with better financial incomes usually lives, and thus enjoyed a better quality of life. Now the idea that educational guidance should also address community social development means that it must also deal with other issues that were not previously intended by The Orientation professionals, i.e. the role of the Educational counseling has been expanded.
This new change in orientation now assumes that Orientation professionals must become promoters of change in the community where their school is located, in an elementary or basic school, secondary school, or a university education institution. Now the guidance work must be done from a community conception, not as much person to person work, but also work with the whole community.
For Camargo Martínez (2009) the Community Orientation implies the commitment of the professional of the Orientation to "social transformation based on a process of awareness, organization and mobilization of people in the search for collective well-being" (p. 24)
But in addition to all the above, it should also be considered that from the Educational Counseling, as considered by a group of affiliated professionals in the Latin American network of professionals of the Orientation (Relapro), community social development should be directed to the awakening of a group ethical awareness, which includes concepts such as social justice, communitarianism, universal values, respect of human rights and a solidarity economy.
It is also clear that from Latin America, because of the existing political conditions, basically because of the existence of the two polarities to explain macrosocial development (capitalism and socialism), we are in a very complex situation, where apparently neither option, to date, has been able to cover the expectations of the general population. since capitalism is only trying to favor large economic corporations, and from socialism, in some countries it has meant the formation of military castes, the enrichment of some sectors of society related to the government on duty, and the economic-social-health and educational debacle of the population, and in some cases, returning to the nineteenth century, according to thesocio-healthconditionsin which the population is lived
At this point it is worth noting what is expressed by the Latin American Network of Guidance Professionals (2020), and the idea that:
Like the international community points out, this group expresses its discontent with the two predominant approaches in the world at large (capitalism) and in the hemisphere in particular (Cuba and Venezuela) opting for the communal perspective, in order to be able to develop Models of Orientation that contemplate the component of my solidarity economyinits programs. (3rd, parr)
Thus, one of the mainchallenges of the Educational Orientation in the 21st century is to consolidate the role of Orientation professionals as an agent of change in a community and to be a facilitator of human development, on the understanding that it is made up of individual development and community social development.
Conclusion
In this change of era it is necessary for the counseling professional to decide by the search and experimentation of other goals and objectives in his professional career, he has already spent the time of counseling to improve study habits and application of psychological tests to determine the best career to follow. It was time to address other issues, such as social justice, community development, and solidarity, sense of life, forms of government, democracy, human and peoples' rights, and ethics and universal values.
How it can be said that the Guidance professional must exercise his role as an agent of change by facilitating and coordinating processes of social transformation from the community and even promoting community mobilization, where necessary.
References
Brunal, A., Vázquez, S.G., Mora, A., Borja, C., and Osorio, S. (2018). Transitional Orientation for the Sense of Life. OrientAcción Magazine. Available in: https://revistaorientaccion.blogspot.com/2018/04/orientacion-para-la-vida-activa-completo.html
Camargo Martínez, X. (2009). Community orientation and communication tools for approach. A social approach to Guidance. Mexican Journal of Orientation. Vol. VI. N.16, pp. 24-29. . .
Colsciences (2010). Permanent Indexing Service of Colombian Science, Technology and Innovation Journals. Colombia: Recovered from: http://www.colciencias.gov.co/sites/default/files/upload/paginas/M304PR02G01-indexacion.pdf
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) (2015). Inclusive Social Development: a new generation of policies to overcome poverty and reduce inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean. United Nations. Santiago de Chile.
Gutierrez Gómez, R. (2018). Educational orientation, labor market and globalization: employment prospects of educational programs offered by the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico to young university students. Ibero-American Journal for Research and Educational Development. Vol. 8. N. 16, pp. 1- 24
Latin American Network of Orientation Professionals. (2018). Bio-psycho-social Pedagogical Model of Educational Orientation. Vol. 4. N. 4. Available in: http://redorientadoresprofesionales.blogspot.com
Latin American Network of GuidanceProfessionals. (2020) . General Report Advances Online Human Development Researchor. Available at: https://relapro2020.blogspot.com/2020/06/informe-general-avances-en-la-linea-de.html
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